ISBN vs. ISSN: What’s the Difference and Which One Do You Need?
Confused between ISBN and ISSN? Learn the key differences, when to use each, and how they identify your publication.
In the world of publishing, acronyms abound. Two of the most common—and often confused—are ISBN and ISSN. While they look similar and serve comparable purposes, using the wrong one can lead to distribution nightmares and cataloging errors.
Whether you are launching a novel, starting a literary magazine, or publishing an annual report, knowing the difference is critical. This guide breaks down ISBN vs. ISSN, helping you identify exactly which standard your publication needs.
What is an ISBN?
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a 13-digit identifier used primarily for one-off publications. It acts as a unique fingerprint for a specific edition of a book.
If you publish a novel in paperback, hardcover, and ebook formats, each version requires its own ISBN. This precision allows retailers, libraries, and distributors to manage inventory and sales accurately.
Use an ISBN for:
- Novels and non-fiction books
- Ebooks and audiobooks
- Educational textbooks
- Software and mixed-media packs
For a deep dive into how these numbers work, read our comprehensive guide on ISBN information.
What is an ISSN?
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an 8-digit code used to identify serial publications. Unlike an ISBN, which targets a specific volume, an ISSN identifies the title of a continuing series.
Serials are publications issued in successive parts, usually with numerical or chronological designations, and intended to continue indefinitely. The ISSN stays the same for every issue of a magazine or journal, provided the title doesn’t change.
Use an ISSN for:
- Magazines and newspapers
- Academic journals
- Annual reports and yearbooks
- Monographic series
Key Differences at a Glance
Understanding the structural and functional differences helps clarify why these two systems exist side-by-side.
| Feature | ISBN (Book Number) | ISSN (Serial Number) |
|---|---|---|
| Full Name | International Standard Book Number | International Standard Serial Number |
| Length | 13 digits (formerly 10) | 8 digits |
| Scope | Identifies a specific edition of a book | Identifies a continuing serial title |
| Structure | 5 parts (Prefix, Group, Publisher, Title, Check) | 2 groups of 4 digits (no internal meaning) |
| Primary Use | Sales, inventory, and retail distribution | Subscription, cataloging, and indexing |
While ISBNs contain data about the publisher and region (see our article on ISBN registration groups), ISSNs are purely sequential numbers with no embedded meaning.
Can a Publication Have Both?
Yes, in specific cases. Some publications exist as both a standalone book and part of a series.
Common scenarios include:
- Yearbooks and Annuals: The series title (e.g., “The Best Science Fiction of the Year”) carries an ISSN, while the specific 2025 edition carries an ISBN.
- Monographic Series: A book series where each volume has a distinct title (ISBN) but is part of a numbered collection (ISSN).
In these instances, both identifiers should appear on the publication. The ISBN usually goes on the back cover with the barcode, while the ISSN appears near the editorial information or top right of the cover.
How to Obtain Them
The process for getting an ISBN versus an ISSN differs significantly.
Getting an ISBN
ISBNs are managed by designated national agencies.
- United States: Purchased through Bowker.
- India: Available for free via the Raja Rammohun Roy National Agency (RRRNA).
- UK: Purchased through Nielsen.
Learn more about the costs involved in our guide to free vs. paid ISBNs.
Getting an ISSN
ISSN assignment is coordinated by the ISSN International Centre in Paris and a network of national centers.
- In many countries, ISSN assignment is free.
- You typically apply after the first issue is published or ready for release.
- Libraries and national archives often handle these requests to ensure complete national bibliographies.
Why Getting It Right Matters
Using the distinct identifier ensures your work is discoverable.
- For Retailers: Amazon and bookstores need ISBNs to track stock and sales.
- For Libraries: ISSNs allow automated check-in of serials and simpler database linking.
- For Researchers: Proper identification ensures your work is cited and indexed correctly.
If you are a self-publishing author, your focus will almost always be on ISBNs. However, if you plan to release a literary journal or a recurring anthology, an ISSN becomes essential.
Conclusion
The distinction between ISBN and ISSN is clear: books get ISBNs, serials get ISSNs.
By securing the correct identifier, you ensure your publication finds its place in the global marketplace. Whether you are tracking sales with an ISBN or building a subscriber base with an ISSN, these numbers are the keys to professional publishing.
Need to check if your book’s identifier is valid? Use our ISBN Validator tool to ensure your codes are ready for print.